{"id":7286,"date":"2024-12-11T15:15:45","date_gmt":"2024-12-11T07:15:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/saintmas.com\/zh\/zh\/zh\/zh\/zh\/zh\/zh\/zh\/zh\/zh\/?p=7286"},"modified":"2024-12-26T22:26:23","modified_gmt":"2024-12-26T14:26:23","slug":"post-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/saintmas.com\/fr\/post-3\/","title":{"rendered":"\u555f\u8499\u6642\u4ee3\u8207\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\uff1a\u4f0f\u723e\u6cf0\u3001\u76e7\u68ad\u548c\u5b5f\u5fb7\u65af\u9ce9\u7684\u8ca2\u737b"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u6cd5\u570b\u5927\u9769\u547d\u4e2d\u300c\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u5e73\u7b49\u3001\u535a\u611b\u300d\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u5176\u7406\u8ad6\u57fa\u790e\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u555f\u8499\u6642\u4ee3\u4e09\u4f4d\u91cd\u91cf\u7ea7\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u2014\u2014\u4f0f\u723e\u6cf0\uff08Voltaire\uff09\u3001\u76e7\u68ad\uff08Jean-Jacques Rousseau\uff09\u548c\u5b5f\u5fb7\u65af\u9ce9\uff08Baron de Montesquieu\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u4e3b\u5f35\u4e0d\u50c5\u5f71\u97ff\u4e86\u7576\u6642\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u4e5f\u5fb9\u5e95\u6539\u8b8a\u4e86\u6cd5\u570b\u4e43\u81f3\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u793e\u6703\u683c\u5c40\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u4f0f\u723e\u6cf0\uff1a\u81ea\u7531\u8207\u7406\u6027\u4e4b\u8072<\/b><\/h4>\n

\u4f0f\u723e\u6cf0\u662f\u555f\u8499\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u8c61\u5fb5\u4eba\u7269\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ee5\u7280\u5229\u7684\u6587\u7b46\u548c\u6a5f\u667a\u7684\u8af7\u523a\u6311\u6230\u5b97\u6559\u6b0a\u5a01\u8207\u5c08\u5236\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u900f\u904e\u4ed6\u7684\u540d\u8457\u300a\u8001\u5be6\u4eba\u300b\uff08Candide\uff09\u8207\u300a\u54f2\u5b78\u901a\u4fe1\u300b\uff08Letters on England\uff09\uff0c\u4f0f\u723e\u6cf0\u50b3\u905e\u4e86\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u5bec\u5bb9\u8207\u7406\u6027\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u5b97\u6559\u5bec\u5bb9<\/b>\uff1a\u4f0f\u723e\u6cf0\u5728\u591a\u7bc7\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u62a8\u64ca\u5b97\u6559\u72c2\u71b1\uff08fanaticism\uff09\u8207\u6559\u6703\u58df\u65b7\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f35\u4eba\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u4eab\u6709\u4fe1\u4ef0\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u4ed6\u90a3\u53e5\u540d\u8a00\u2014\u2014\u300c\u6211\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u4f60\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u8a93\u6b7b\u634d\u885b\u4f60\u8aaa\u8a71\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\u300d\uff08I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it\uff09\u2014\u2014\u6210\u70ba\u8a00\u8ad6\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u7d93\u5178\u8868\u8ff0\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. \u53cd\u5c0d\u5c08\u5236<\/b>\uff1a\u4f0f\u723e\u6cf0\u63d0\u5021\u555f\u8499\u541b\u4e3b\u5236\uff08enlightened absolutism\uff09\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u7406\u6027\u7684\u7d71\u6cbb\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5be6\u73fe\u793e\u6703\u6539\u9769\u3002\u4ed6\u4e3b\u5f35\u7528\u7406\u6027\u6253\u7834\u611a\u6627\uff0c\u8b93\u793e\u6703\u8d70\u5411\u9032\u6b65\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u4f0f\u723e\u6cf0\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5728\u5927\u9769\u547d\u4e2d\u88ab\u5ee3\u6cdb\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u70ba\u300c\u81ea\u7531\u300d\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u6587\u5316\u57fa\u790e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    \u76e7\u68ad\uff1a\u5e73\u7b49\u8207\u4eba\u6c11\u4e3b\u6b0a<\/b><\/h4>\n

    \u76e7\u68ad\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u5982\u300a\u793e\u6703\u5951\u7d04\u8ad6\u300b\uff08The Social Contract\uff09\u8207\u300a\u611b\u5f4c\u5152\u300b\uff08\u00c9mile\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u555f\u8499\u6642\u4ee3\u6700\u5177\u985b\u8986\u6027\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4ed6\u5c0d\u300c\u5e73\u7b49\u300d\u548c\u300c\u4eba\u6c11\u4e3b\u6b0a\u300d\u7684\u95e1\u8ff0\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u9769\u547d\u8005\u7684\u884c\u52d5\u6307\u5357\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35<\/b>\uff1a\u76e7\u68ad\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u793e\u6703\u7684\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u4e26\u975e\u81ea\u7136\u7522\u751f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7531\u79c1\u6709\u8ca1\u7522\u5236\u5ea6\u548c\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u793e\u6703\u5951\u7d04\u9020\u6210\u3002\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5e73\u7b49\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5be6\u73fe\uff0c\u4e26\u4e3b\u5f35\u8ca1\u5bcc\u61c9\u5728\u793e\u6703\u5167\u90e8\u9032\u884c\u67d0\u7a2e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u518d\u5206\u914d\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n
    2. \u4eba\u6c11\u4e3b\u6b0a<\/b>\uff1a\u76e7\u68ad\u5728\u300a\u793e\u6703\u5951\u7d04\u8ad6\u300b\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u300c\u4e3b\u6b0a\u5728\u6c11\u300d\uff08sovereignty of the people\uff09\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u5f37\u8abf\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u61c9\u8a72\u4f86\u81ea\u65bc\u5168\u9ad4\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u6388\u6b0a\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u540d\u8a00\u300c\u4eba\u662f\u751f\u800c\u81ea\u7531\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u537b\u7121\u5f80\u4e0d\u5728\u67b7\u9396\u4e4b\u4e2d\u300d\uff08Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains\uff09\u9ede\u71c3\u4e86\u9769\u547d\u8005\u7684\u71b1\u60c5\uff0c\u555f\u767c\u4e86\u4ed6\u5011\u5c0d\u5c08\u5236\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u6297\u722d\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

       <\/p>\n

      \u5b5f\u5fb7\u65af\u9ce9\uff1a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8207\u6b0a\u529b\u5236\u8861<\/b><\/h4>\n

      \u5b5f\u5fb7\u65af\u9ce9\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u4f5c\u300a\u8ad6\u6cd5\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u300b\uff08The Spirit of Laws\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u90e8\u653f\u6cbb\u5b78\u7684\u7d93\u5178\u4e4b\u4f5c\uff0c\u5c0d\u73fe\u4ee3\u61b2\u6cd5\u8a2d\u8a08\u548c\u6b0a\u529b\u5206\u7acb\u7406\u8ad6\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u6df1\u9060\u5f71\u97ff\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \u6b0a\u529b\u5206\u7acb<\/b>\uff1a\u5b5f\u5fb7\u65af\u9ce9\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u61c9\u8a72\u5206\u70ba\u7acb\u6cd5\u3001\u884c\u653f\u548c\u53f8\u6cd5\u4e09\u500b\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u90e8\u9580\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5404\u90e8\u9580\u4e4b\u9593\u61c9\u8a72\u76f8\u4e92\u5236\u8861\uff08checks and balances\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u6b0a\u529b\u96c6\u4e2d\u548c\u5c08\u6b0a\u7684\u51fa\u73fe\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u601d\u60f3\u5f8c\u4f86\u6210\u70ba\u7f8e\u570b\u61b2\u6cd5\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4f9d\u64da\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f71\u97ff\u4e86\u6cd5\u570b\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6539\u9769\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n
      2. \u6cd5\u5f8b\u7cbe\u795e<\/b>\uff1a\u4ed6\u5f37\u8abf\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u61c9\u8a72\u4ee5\u4fdd\u969c\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u6b0a\u5229\u70ba\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u7dad\u8b77\u7d71\u6cbb\u8005\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u61c9\u8a72\u8003\u616e\u5730\u7406\u3001\u6587\u5316\u548c\u793e\u6703\u689d\u4ef6\u7684\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u9748\u6d3b\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c0\u5ff5\u70ba\u9769\u547d\u5f8c\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u555f\u793a\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n
      3. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \u555f\u8499\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u806f\u7e6b\u8207\u5f71\u97ff<\/b><\/h4>\n

        \u96d6\u7136\u4f0f\u723e\u6cf0\u3001\u76e7\u68ad\u548c\u5b5f\u5fb7\u65af\u9ce9\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\u5728\u7d30\u7bc0\u4e0a\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5011\u5171\u540c\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u662f\u63a8\u7ffb\u5c08\u5236\u8207\u4e0d\u516c\uff0c\u4e26\u4ee5\u7406\u6027\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u5efa\u69cb\u4e00\u500b\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u793e\u6703\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u901a\u904e\u300a\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u66f8\u300b\u4ee5\u53ca\u5370\u5237\u5a92\u4ecb\u5728\u6cd5\u570b\u5ee3\u6cdb\u6d41\u50b3\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u6fc0\u767c\u5927\u9769\u547d\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u706b\u82b1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

         <\/p>\n

        \u555f\u8499\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u7684\u5c40\u9650<\/b><\/h4>\n

        \u5118\u7ba1\u9019\u4e9b\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u9032\u6b65\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u4e26\u975e\u5b8c\u5168\u6c92\u6709\u5c40\u9650\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u76e7\u68ad\u63d0\u5021\u7684\u96c6\u9ad4\u610f\u5fd7\uff08general will\uff09\u5728\u5be6\u8e10\u4e2d\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u6975\u7aef\u6d3e\u5229\u7528\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u5c08\u5236\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1b\u5b5f\u5fb7\u65af\u9ce9\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u5206\u7acb\u7406\u8ad6\u5728\u7576\u6642\u7684\u5be6\u8e10\u4e2d\u9762\u81e8\u5404\u7a2e\u6311\u6230\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

         <\/p>\n

        \u4f0f\u723e\u6cf0\u3001\u76e7\u68ad\u548c\u5b5f\u5fb7\u65af\u9ce9\u662f\u555f\u8499\u6642\u4ee3\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e09\u4f4d\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u69cb\u6210\u4e86\u300c\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u5e73\u7b49\u3001\u535a\u611b\u300d\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u57fa\u790e\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u601d\u60f3\u4e0d\u50c5\u50ac\u5316\u4e86\u6cd5\u570b\u5927\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c0d\u5f8c\u4e16\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u904b\u52d5\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u6301\u7e8c\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u5f80\u5f8c\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c07\u63a2\u8a0e\u6cd5\u570b\u5927\u9769\u547d\u5982\u4f55\u5c07\u9019\u4e9b\u7406\u8ad6\u8f49\u5316\u70ba\u5168\u6c11\u5171\u8b58\uff0c\u4e26\u63a8\u52d5\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u9032\u7a0b\u3002<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        \u6cd5\u570b\u5927\u9769\u547d\u4e2d\u300c\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u5e73\u7b49\u3001\u535a\u611b\u300d\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u5176\u7406\u8ad6\u57fa\u790e\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u555f\u8499\u6642\u4ee3\u4e09\u4f4d\u91cd\u91cf\u7ea7\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u2014\u2014\u4f0f\u723e\u6cf0\uff08Voltair […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":256048738,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","inline_featured_image":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpas_customize_per_network":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[96987565],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7286","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-96987565"],"yoast_head":"\n\u555f\u8499\u6642\u4ee3\u8207\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\uff1a\u4f0f\u723e\u6cf0\u3001\u76e7\u68ad\u548c\u5b5f\u5fb7\u65af\u9ce9\u7684\u8ca2\u737b 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